After the first step of identifying the known benefits of cyclones, we linked identified benefits from both literature and case studies to ecosystem services categories developed by the UNEP (2009). The accompanying definitions and examples of provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services are described as follows:
- Provisioning services are products obtained from ecosystems. Examples include food, freshwater, wood, fiber, genetic resources, medicines, energy, and fisheries.
- Regulating services help stabilize ecosystem processes and are benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes. Examples include climate regulation, natural hazard regulation, water regulation, water purification and waste treatment, and disease regulation.
- Supporting services underlie the production of all other ecosystem services and related to fundamental environmental processes. Impacts can be direct or indirect, and can occur over a long time. Examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, primary production, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat.
- Cultural services are non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems, which could be recreational, spiritual, or religious variants. Examples include spiritual enrichment, intellectual development, reflection, religious experience, recreation, knowledge systems, social relations, aesthetic values, appreciation of nature, recreation, and ecotourism.
According to these definitions, we classified the benefits as in the image below:
No comments:
Post a Comment