Earthquakes Japan 2011

This is an overview of all the earthquakes in Japan in 2011, sorted per magnitude and shindo (震度, shaking intensity). This data was generated by using the Japan Meteorological Agency database.

The most earthquakes in a single category were shindo 1 and magnitude 3-3.9, nearly ten times more than last year.

Shindo 1 earthquakes ranged from magnitude 0 to 6.9.

Shindo 2 earthquakes ranged from magnitude 1 to 6.9.

Shindo 3 earthquakes ranged from magnitude 2 to 6.9.

Shindo 4 earthquakes ranged from magnitude 2 to 7.9.

Shindo 5- earthquakes ranged from magnitude 3 to 7.9.

Shindo 5+ earthquakes ranged from magnitude 4 to 6.9.

Shindo 6- earthquakes ranged from magnitude 5 to 7.9.

Shindo 6+ earthquakes ranged from magnitude 6 to 7.9.

The Shindo 7 earthquake was magnitude 9.0.

Below the frequency distribution of earthquakes during the year is shown:

Comparing the JMA statistics with the data from their database, 73 earthquakes were missing from the data in the database (44 of shindo 1, six of shindo 2, and one of shindo 3).

JMA:

Intensity	震度７	震度６強	震度６弱	震度５強	震度５弱	震度４	震度３	震度２	震度１	Total
2011	1	4	4	17	45	253	976	2863	6518	10681

Database:

Intensity	震度７	震度６強	震度６弱	震度５強	震度５弱	震度４	震度３	震度２	震度１	Total
2011	1	4	4	17	45	253	975	2857	6452	10608

Field Trip to Tsurumi River in Yokohama

Last Friday we had a four stop field trip all the way down to Yokohama. Our first stop was at the Tsurumi River Basin Information Center. First we had an informative lecture by Masahiro Imbe. His last name is very special, not sounding like the common Japanese names referring to natural surroundings. He told me only a few Japanese families originally had last names. His is a very ancient family line, connected to priests coordinating rites in the temples. He also mentioned that at one point in time he visited the Netherlands and he even met the grandson of the famous Johannes de Rijke.

During the lecture we learned that the current safety levels of the Tsurumi River are being revised by the national government to take the speculated effects of climate change into account. It is one of the 17 rivers that are completely under the governance of the governments MLIT, so there is no prefectural coordination needed (Tsurumi River starts in the Tokyo Metropolitan prefecture before having most of its basin in Kanagawa). There are some control issues. Both the river division and the sewer division are responsible for creating more water storage, but since communication is difficult between these two organizations, it is unknown how much water the measures of the sewer division are storing exactly.

Did you know the Tsurumi River basin is conveniently ‘tapir-shaped’? The tapir is thus the mascot, and gets dressed up for holidays. As usual for river information centers, there were crabs and fish to see and touch, a marble basin where you could drop blue marbles representing water drops (which had some trouble travelling downstream), and a huge floor map where locals can find their house. Araki-san, our faithful translator, helped with all the explanations, such as the story of the tsunami from March 11 going up the river.

The Tsurumi River Basin Information Center is next door to the Nissan soccer stadium where the 2002 world cup was held. On December 18th the finals of the FIFA Club World Cup will be held there, and it's the biggest stadium in Japan. In fact the stadium is inside the basin area, but the water will flow between the pillars it is standing on. The nearby hospital is outside the basin area. In the West (upstream) there is a lowered dyke functioning as an overflow levee. In the East (downstream) there is a drainage gate.

Our second stop was at the Kirigaoka Regulating Pond. Currently in use as tennis court, this reservoir has two inlets and one major outlet with a dam. I noticed I have now been to practically all places that I saw in a presentation three years ago, when Koichi Fujita visited our university in the Netherlands. Maybe the final stop will be at the Yodo river in Osaka?

Next was the Onmawashi Park Underground Tunnel-type Reservoir, an underground tunnel with a dead end. Water enters and exits at the same location, albeit with some height difference. Only the above ground area is accessible, but this has an interesting information building with models and a video. The inlet can be seen as well.

Finally we came to Professor Takahashi’s house where we saw a rainwater storage and infiltration system. Four cubic meters of rainwater can be stored and used to flush the toilet or do laundry. This saves some money on water. It also costs a bit of money to pay for the electricity to use the water pumps, but this amount is smaller, so in the end some money is still saved.